Periodos
Toxic shock syndrome
Revisado: 4 de octubre de 2026
Solo en inglés por ahoraToxic shock syndrome (TSS) is rare but can be life-threatening. Know the warning signs, what to do straight away, and how to lower your risk with tampons and cups.
What TSS is
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but life-threatening illness. It is caused by poisons (toxins) made by certain bacteria. Many people know it from its link with tampons. It can also happen with menstrual cups, discs, a contraceptive cap or diaphragm, after giving birth, or from an infected cut, burn or boil. It can affect anyone, including children and people who do not have periods. Cases linked to tampons have become much less common over the years.
Signs to watch for
Symptoms can start suddenly and may feel like flu. They include a high temperature or feeling hot, cold and shivery, muscle aches, vomiting and diarrhoea. Other signs are severe pain in your arms, legs or all over your body, bright red palms, soles, tongue or whites of the eyes, and swollen or peeling skin. You may get a rash that looks like sunburn or feels like sandpaper. You may feel dizzy, confused or faint, especially when you stand up. Take these signs seriously if you have a tampon, cup or disc in, or have recently used one.
What to do straight away
If you have any of these signs while using a tampon, cup or disc, or soon after using one, take it out if it is still in. Then get medical help straight away, the same day. Do not wait to see if it gets better. If you cannot get help quickly, call your local emergency number.
When to call an emergency number
Call your local emergency number or go to an emergency department now if someone is confused, has slurred speech or is not making sense. Do the same if they are breathless or breathing very fast, or faint. Blue, grey, pale or blotchy skin, lips or tongue, a rash that does not fade when you press a clear glass on it, or large areas of peeling skin also need emergency help. TSS can get worse quickly, so do not wait.
How TSS is treated
TSS needs urgent treatment in hospital. Treatment can include antibiotics, fluids through a drip, medicine to support blood pressure, and oxygen. Some people need an operation to clean out an infected cut or wound. Because TSS can become life-threatening, it is always better to get checked quickly, even if it turns out to be something minor.
How to lower your risk
Wash your hands before you put in or take out a tampon, cup or disc, and follow the product instructions. Use the lowest absorbency tampon that handles your flow. Change it every 4 to 8 hours and never wear one for more than 8 hours. Only use tampons when you are bleeding. Do not leave a cup, disc or other device in for longer than the instructions say. Keep cuts and burns clean. TSS is more likely if you have had it before, so ask a doctor whether these products are safe for you.
This is general information. If you feel very unwell while using a tampon, cup or disc, take it out and get emergency help.